Correlation Analysis Between Hormone Level and Acne Grade See 1. Insulin resistance: https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1179956411858427954 2. High carb diet: https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1179948367405645885 (traditional herbs could help with these if diet alone doesn't help) Supplements for hormonal acne: https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1268885946963726400 (edited)

Chip changed the channel name: Hormonal - PCOS & endometriosis (in women) 1/12/2023 12:26 PM

Chip changed the channel name: Hormonal - PCOS & endometriosis (in women), etc 15/01/2024 10:03 AM

Estrogen and Acne Insulin Resistance Induced by Sex Hormones: Research indicates that administration of sex hormones, such as testosterone to females and ethinyl estradiol to males, can induce insulin resistance in healthy subjects. This suggests that both androgens and estrogens can influence insulin sensitivity, although the mechanisms and outcomes may vary [K. H. Polderman et al., The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8027240/ Progesterone's Effect on Mitochondrial Function: A study found that progesterone increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 emission in nonmenopausal women, which is linked to insulin resistance. This suggests that progesterone could play a role in the development of insulin resistance through its effects on mitochondrial function [Daniel A. Kane et al., American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21189359/ Combined Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone: The combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on insulin resistance are complex and can be influenced by factors such as the method of hormone delivery (oral vs. transdermal) and the presence of other conditions like PCOS. Some studies suggest that certain combinations of estrogen and progesterone can have neutral or even beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity [Christopher P. Spencer et al., Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877199/

Premenstrual syndrome patients have lower blood glucose and insulin resistance levels during both follicular and luteal phases compared to healthy controls. https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2013.40.2.76 Premenstrual acne flares affect nearly half of all women, with older women having a higher rate than younger ones. https://doi.org/10.1067/MJD.2001.117382 (edited)

"In overweight and obese women, proper selection of diet, introduction of moderate physical activity, and reduction in weight, stress factors, and alcohol consumption translate into several positive effects, including reduced FAI and symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, menstrual disorders, and infertility." Zapała, B., Marszalec, P., Piwowar, M., Chmura, O., & Milewicz, T. (2024). Reduction in the Free Androgen Index in Overweight Women After Sixty Days of a Low Glycemic Diet. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 132(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2201-8618

Twin study of women in their 40s with a history of acne

Metrics

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): Odds ratio: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51-1.00) p-value: 0.05 Finding: Lower levels of ApoA1 are associated with increased odds of being in the case group. This relationship is statistically significant at the conventional threshold. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) use: Odds ratio: 1.75 (95% CI: 1.08-2.08) p-value: 0.02 Finding: Ever using OCPs is associated with significantly higher odds of being in the case group.

From discussion:

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1): "Low serum levels of Apo A1 was the only significant risk factor for acne using the cross-sectional and co-twin case–control design." Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) use: "Rather than being causal, this association is likely to be explained by the fact that OCP is one of the therapeutic options for acne." This suggests that OCP use may be a consequence of having acne (as a treatment) rather than a risk factor for developing it. Age and timing of measurements: The researchers caution about interpreting their results, noting: "The results of the case–control analyses have to be taken with caution, however, as the measurements were made many years after the disease was active and possible associations with acne may have been missed because of this interval." This addresses our earlier discussion about the participants being in their 40s. Bataille, V et al. “The influence of genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of acne: a twin study of acne in women.” The Journal of investigative dermatology vol. 119,6 (2002): 1317-22. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19621.x e158dbad-6ccd-432a-b249-881f0b27844a (edited)

Endometriosis associations with acne

"Compared with women without a history of severe teenage acne, women who had severe teenage acne had a 20% increased risk of endometriosis (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08–1.32)" https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1268879394202718269 Variables Cases (n = 51) Controls (n = 100) OR 95% CI P Acne 15 (29%) 14 (14%) 2.5 1.1–5.7 0.025 https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1268880302147895360 (edited)

PCOS associations with acne

"In the postadolescent group, incidence of metabolic disease was lower than the control group (P = 0.003). In the postadolescent group, premenstrual syndrome (P < 0.001) and PCOS (P = 0.007) were more common than the control group." https://discord.com/channels/1169738819688468501/1268885072061268090 (edited)